Tag: community supported agriculture

  • Ødeverp farm

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    Ødeverp farm has been in the Høstvik family for generations and since 1990, vegetables have been grown organically. From 1990 onwards, the present owner, Rune Høstvik, delivered his products to wholesalers, but in 2015 he switched to community supported agriculture where everyone was invited to become part owners. Having been concerned about modern food production for some time, it was only natural for me to join. Likewise, more than 100 more people became part owners in 2015, while so far this year a little more than 80 parts have been sold.

    While the harvesting season starts in late April/early May, the growing season starts in February. First, organic seeds are bought from Solhatt  and Runåbergs fröer.  Then, using a machine which mixes fertilised seeds and chicken litter such that small beds of compressed chicken litter are divided into square plots each of which contains one seed. Each seed will have, say, a cube with sides of about 4cm in which to grow. After having finished this operation, each bed is brought inside the farmer’s house where it will be kept at room temperature in order to let the seeds grow into shoots before they are either planted in a greenhouse or outside.

    Organising an open day on Saturday 23 April, everyone was invited to visit the farm. We met outside the greenhouse where Rune showed us some organic strawberry plants, which had survived the winter below some layers of maize plastic. Rune and some volunteers put a portable greenhouse above the plants such that we should have a real delicacy, although in very small quantities, to look forward to in late June/early July.

    Having entered the stationary greenhouse, we could see groups of shoots growing in cubes of chicken litter inside plastic containers. Actually, the tomato plants were quite big, say, 30 cm tall, while the other ones looked like  they had just sprouted. In fact, the greenhouse was divided into two parts and in the second one,there were raised beds where groups of salad were growing, but still too early to start harvesting. The vegetables being grown included a lettuce called batavia and Chinese cabbage like bok choy and pak choy,  both of which are winter-hardy, a very useful characteristic during the present cold spring with temperatures oscillating above and below 0°C.  Last year, this part of the greenhouse was used to grow tomatoes and herbs and I suppose as the rather cold spring turns into a warmer summer, mostly tomatoes and herbs will be grown inside, while the other one will be grown outside.

    As part owners, we received weekly emails about what to harvest and since the majority of the plants are grown outside, we just had to follow the seasons and harvest according to the weekly guidelines. Then, the excursions could start in the greenhouse where a list showed what to harvest in the greenhouse, what to harvest outside, which could be e.g.  carrots, salads, peas, celery, rhubarb and squash. Then, having taking one’s share, it was natural to proceed to a sink in order to rinse the harvest. Besides, there was another field where we could harvest e.g. potatoes, broccoli, cauliflower and, late in the season, maize and Jerusalem artichoke.

    It seems like all part owners at Ødeverp and similar enterprises find delight in harvesting vegetables which they harvest themselves, knowing where they come from and knowing that no pesticides or herbicides have been applied. Since the risk for the farmer due to extreme weather events, plant diseases and low prices when selling to wholesalers are avoided by letting the part owners pay for each part at the start of the season, it should be safe to say that this is in accordance with the philosophy of Slow Food: good, clean and fair.

    Being a type of cooperative, each part owner should also work for at least 6 hours each season, but it is up to everybody to do this because nobody controls how much they work. Like the weekly list of vegetables ready for harvesting, work which needed to be done was also described. For my part, I dug up Jerusalem artichokes by means of a pitchfork and planted them on another field, planted potatoes manually, weeded and supported parts of pea plants on ropes amounting to maybe more than 6 hours in all, but hardly strenuous work. Anyway, working in an office in my day job, working manually was a really nice change, it felt really relaxing for my mind, I could see the tubers we had planted turn into shoots and plants, while the pea plants made good use of the ropes we had strung up.  Besides, inside the greenhouse, new tomatoes always seemed to be ready even though we were allowed to pick six of them each weekly.

    In September there was a feast of thanksgiving where the part owners brought dishes they had from the harvest at Ødeverp.

    The season petered out in November when the temperature crept below 0°C and the fields were always wet. Then, the farm was left to the Høstvik family who would prepare it for another season.

  • Community supported agriculture in Vestfold, I

    Holt farm

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    Since there is no community supported agriculture in the vicinity of the city of Drammen, Oikos Sande, and the local Friends of the Earth, arranged a day trip to two farms having community gardens in the county of Vestfold.

    We first went to Holt farm and were given a guided tour by Roar Lefsaker, the farmer who is managing both the farm and the community supported agriculture. In fact, it was the Friends of the Earth in Vestfold who wanted to start this and contacted Roar. The community garden has expanded to about 0.4 hectares, about 25 types of vegetable are cultivated organically, and 62 share owners participate this season. A group of 5 dedicated share owners hold regular meetings with the farmer and update the others about the activities on the farm. They also help share owners with harvesting since it isn’t obvious which part of of e.g., a chard, is edible for someone who has never harvested one before.

    At the beginning of each year all the share owners are invited to one or more meetings in order to discuss what and how much to cultivate and how much vegetables a share owner can harvest weekly. A budget is set up and the accounting is wholly transparent, including expenses for seeds, tools, salary for the farmer, etc. Based on this, the share price is decided.

    The share owners know that the vegetables mature at different times of the year, and because of weather, plants which aren’t growing well or harm caused by insects, one type of vegetable may be abundant, while another one may be scarce, but these variations will even out over time. In any case, this type of cultivation ensures that the risk is divided evenly between the farmer and the share owners who have to pay in advance such that the farmer can have a predictable income. Besides, in order to lighten his workload, each share owner is obliged to work for at least 6 hours a season. In return, they get locally grown, clean, fresh, and varied food which is produced in accordance with the principles of Slow Food: good, clean, and fair.

    In spring, all the vegetables have to be planted, weeding has to be done continuously, while harvesting occurs from early summer to late autumn. The share owners participate in all these activities and living in our restless times, working the land is good for both mind and body.

    Every Sunday from spring to autumn, there is an open day where everyone is welcome to the farm where they can meet cows, calves, sheep, lambs, and horses. A group of children were celebrating a birthday during our visit.

    There is also a guesthouse at the farm where we were served a delicious lunch consisting of produce from the farm.

  • Community supported agriculture in Vestfold, II

    Virgenes farm

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    Having finished our visit at Holt farm, we entered the bus and went to Virgenes farm where we were met by the farmer Tore Jardar Virgenes who introduced himself and his farm inside the bus because it was raining. Having been doing conventional farming for many years and going organic in 2007, he experienced that his high quality produce wasn’t marked as such in the shops and it was placed together with run-of-the-mill produce. However, an article in the local newspaper where he and his wife invited everyone to their farm was the start of another community garden. Having started with just 5 share owners, they have reached an upper limit of 225, letting the farmer revoke his agreement with the wholesaler.

    The share owners are expected to work on Wednesdays and in return for at least 4 hours seasonal work and paying for a share, they get the following organic produce: eggs, about 20 types of vegetables, flour, pork, and beef. Moreover, a river is passing the farm and fishing rights are included.

    Although every share owner is expected to work 4 hours in a season, there is no upper limit for much one can work. Besides the share owners, this farm also willingly accepts volunteers from WWOOF, World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms, who work for room and board.

    The vision of the farmer is to make the farm even more organic, which entails increasing biological diversity on the farm. This will be achieved by cultivating flowers and planting fruit trees, setting up beehives such that the bees can pollinate the flowers and the fruit trees. Fertilising with compost and animal dung besides letting clover collect nitrogen from the air and bringing it to the soil are already being practised.

    Various types of rare and ancient grains are also cultivated at this farm. Having also bought a mill from Austria, grain is ground and turned into flour at the farm. Being very active, Tore also told us about his plans for using some of the grain for making beer and even setting up a malt house for producing his own malt.

    Being shown around the farm, it was impossible not to notice pigs walking around freely. Two heavily pregnant sows were outside, while another one and her piglets were sleeping in a small metal house. Being omnivores, the pigs are fed remains from the production of vegetables and they are allowed to enter freshly plowed fields in order to eat plant remains.

    Lastly, we were shown a room where black chickens were walking around freely and they could also walk outside if they wanted. In the adjacent room there was a small self-service shop where customers could buy produce from the farm and pay with a credit card.

  • Øverland community garden (CSA)

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    Norway’s first and largest community garden or community-supported agriculture is located at Øverland farm in Bærum located west of Oslo. About 450 share owners are cultivating vegetables on an area of 1.6 hectares. The community garden is characterised by, among other things, common harvest, common risk, dialogue between producer and consumer in addition to full openness about incomes and expenses.

    Øverland Community Garden was founded in in 2006 and cooperates with the royal Norwegian society for development,  which owns the farm. It is being cultivated organically and it has four workers who are receiving a salary for tending the garden and facilitating harvesting for the part owners. This entails, among other things, practising crop rotation such that the same type of plant is grown in the same field every 11 years, buying and planting seeds, and making weekly plans for the part owners in order to let them know what to harvest where. Besides, a plan for how to tend the garden is set up in winter and the part owners are encouraged to suggest improvements.

    About 35 types of vegetables are grown, but due to lots of work and too few workers, no seeds are kept. Instead, organic seeds are bought yearly. No artificial fertilisers are used, but sheep dung from Persbråten farm is applied to those plants which need it most like cole crops, squash, pumpkin, and leek. In order to aid the growth of some of the plants, a cloth with holes is laid on the ground and plants are planted where the holes are. Another technique being used is to cover growing plants with a cloth in order to prevent insects from eating them or laying eggs on them. The cloth lets rain and sunshine through, but it’s only partly effective in keeping insects out. It has also to be weighed down with stones because the wind often uncovers the plants.

    The share owners are encouraged to contribute to the cooperative by imparting their knowledge e.g. beekeeping, flowers, herbs, conservation techniques, recipes, and so on. On select Saturdays, an activity called Green Fingers is arranged, when the share owners can contribute to and be taught how to run an organic community garden. Besides, Green Café, which is arranged on select days, is used for enlightening a relevant subject. Since some of the share owners are very busy, the gardener occasionally sets up signs where they can do weeding for as long or as short time as they are willing to work. Living in a stressful time, the gardener told me that he’s told that they find weeding relaxing, they breathe easier, time stands still and they get in touch with nature.

    Harvesting of the vegetables occur from May/June to October/November. During this period the share owners receive regular e-mails telling them what can be harvested and how much. The garden workers have also set up signs showing where the different vegetables can be found and how to harvest them. Baskets, gloves and tools are readily available together with a washing place. You can harvest fresh, organic and locally cultivated vegetables more or less weekly in the growing season, helping to give the food you are eating an identity. You can find information on the vegetables together with recipes on the web site of Øverland.

    The share owners don’t participate just in order to eat. Getting in touch with the soil, learning how to produce food, solving the challenges which occasionally arise, and meeting like-minded people are also vital parts of what it is to be a share owner. This site provides an excellent overview of how to maintain a vegetable garden.

    This year, one group was formed in order to raise chickens at Øverland. 40 fertilised eggs were bought and put in incubators, leading to that 24 chickens were hatched. Now, seven different types of chickens live in a chicken coop at Øverland, walking around freely and eating compost from the vegetable production. Being just a few months old, nobody knows which are males and which are females. A work in progress, indeed.

    Last but not least, a thanksgiving party is arranged yearly in autumn where the share owners make a delicious soup using vegetables from Øverland, butter with herbs, bread, etc.

    If the present trend continues, every third farmer in Norway will be gone in 10 years, and it might be an idea to facilitate conditions for creating community gardens all across Norway, near towns and in the countryside. Many farmers would probably have a more satisfying work, experience less economic risk since the share owners pay in advance and have more faith in their work if they could cooperate with willing share owners.